The invention belongs to the aviation lighting test technical field and provides a radiance test method of a night vision-compatible lighting system. According to the method, the discrete function of a standard light source under a condition that no optical filters are adopted is measured by using a spectroradiometer; the discrete function of the same standard light source under a condition that an optical filter is adopted on an incident light path, is measured; the ratio of the two discrete functions is calculated; the wavelengths of the standard light source are measured through a grating monochromator one by one; sampling and gating amplification are performed on signals outputted by an image intensifier; a spectral response discrete function is calculated according to the output signals; the ratio and the spectral response discrete function are multiplied, and curve fitting is performed according to the multiplication result; and integration is performed, the radiance value of the night vision-compatible lighting system is calculated.