The present invention provides a power distribution network actual measurement and simulation dual-mode measurement and control system, method and device and belongs to the power distribution network technical field. The power distribution network actual measurement and simulation dual-mode measurement and control device in the system can receive the switching quantity of power distribution primary equipment, the voltage and current signals of a power distribution network electrical transformer and the environmental parameters of an environment parameter sensor in real time; a data storage card is arranged in the power distribution network actual measurement and simulation dual-mode measurement and control device so as to pre-store the switching quantity of the power distribution primary equipment, the voltage and current signals of the power distribution network electrical transformer and the environmental parameters of the environment parameter sensor; and the power distribution network actual measurement and simulation dual-mode measurement and control device can perform actual measurement and control to generate actual measurement and control data and can also perform simulation measurement and control to generate simulation measurement and control data so as to transmit the actual measurement and control data or the simulation measurement and control data to power distribution automation master station equipment through a variety of network communication modes. With the power distribution network actual measurement and simulation dual-mode measurement and control system, method and device of the invention adopted, simulation can be performed on a power distribution network actual measurement and control terminal, and therefore, the problem of the single function of a current power distribution network actual measurement and control terminal can be solved.