The invention discloses an overhead transmission line ground wire whole journey automatic inspection robot, system and method. The robot comprises a plurality of driving arms arranged in parallel, a locking device and a control cabinet; the locking device is arranged at the lower ends of the driving arms, and is fixed to the robot control cabinet; the control cabinet is located at the bottom of the robot; each driving arm comprises a mechanical arm, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a rotating joint; the driving wheel and the driven wheels are distributed on the mechanical arms which can rotate around the rotating joints, and the centers of the driving wheels, the driven wheels and the rotating joints are located on the same axis; and the locking device and the rotating joints are located on one plane, and the locking device controls clamped closing and releasing of the rotating joints. By means of cooperation of a ground wire barrier-free channel and the robot, the efficiency that the robot safely passes through a transmission line barrier can be improved, and the inspection efficiency is improved.