The invention provides a cellulose-based mulch film fermentation preparation method and a cellulose mulch film prepared according to the same. The preparation method includes steps: 1) adopting a smasher for smashing branch wastes into pieces I 2-3cm in length and 0.2-2cm<2> in surface area; 2) adjusting nutrient soil to be 50-60% in humidity and 6-8 in pH, well mixing the pieces I, the nutrient soil and a complex microbial agent according to a ratio of 1000-2000:100:1, and fermenting at 25-50 DEG C for 5-10 days to obtain a mulch film I; mixing kaolin and the mulch film I according to a massratio of 1:1000 to obtain a mulch film II. The mulch film prepared according to the method is used for ground mulching of fruit trees such as peach trees and apple trees, urban green land, bare soil areas of gardens and flower nurseries and crops such as corns and sorghum and plays a role in weed prevention, soil moisture preservation, dust prevention, fertility improvement, bacterium resistance and the like.