The invention relates to an axial staged lean oil premixing, pre-evaporating and low-pollution combustion chamber. A staged combustion technology is adopted for dividing the combustion chamber into aduty stage and a main combustion stage in the axial direction. The duty stage is mounted on the end wall of the head of the combustion chamber and adopts a single-point lean oil direct injection mode.The main combustion stage is mounted on the outer wall of a flame tube and adopts a multi-point injection lean oil premixing and pre-evaporating combustion mode. Under the small working condition, only the duty stage works, and under the large working condition, the duty stage and the main combustion stage work simultaneously. The pollutant emission under the whole work condition is greatly reduced while the stability and safety of the combustion chamber are met.