The invention discloses a device for tunnel excavation and unloading. The device comprises a center shaft, support structures and steel tube pieces, wherein the two or more steel tube pieces are arranged and are arc-shaped pieces; the radians of the steel tube pieces are compatible with the inner wall of a tunnel to be simulated; the two or more steel tube pieces are sequentially stuck on the inner wall of the tunnel to be simulated in a surrounding way, and a cylindrical inner cavity is formed by the two or more steel tube pieces; the center shaft is arranged at a central axis of the cylindrical inner cavity; each support structure comprises a connecting rod and support rods respectively connected with the two ends of the connecting rod; the connecting rods are fixedly installed on the center shaft by means of the support rods; bearings are also installed on the connecting rods; the bearings are connected with the inner tube walls of the steel tube pieces in a sliding support way. Thedevice for tunnel excavation and unloading has the beneficial effect that the device can well replace a water bag and wax in the traditional scheme, thus realizing first loading and then excavating.