The invention discloses a processor chip emulator with a random UID. The emulator comprises a management module and an emulational chip; the management module is internally provided with a random number generator, and the emulational chip is internally provided with a processor core and a UID register; the UID register is connected with the management module and the processor core through a register read-write channel; the emulator is in the stop-running state when energized every time, the processor core in the emulational chip does not work and cannot read the UID register, the management module generates a random processor chip UID and writes the random processor chip UID to the UID register in the emulational chip, and when the write operation is completed this time, the management module does not conduct write operation at other times. By means of the processor chip emulator, the system achievement structure can be simplified, and the reliability of debugging and testing is guaranteed.