The invention relates to the technical field of cutter detection, in particular to an X-ray detection system of a cutter. In order to solve the problem that the subsequence processing and the servicelife of the cutter are influenced as the defects concealed in the cutter cannot be found in time by the existing conventional detection tool, the invention discloses the X-ray detection system of thecutter. The X-ray detection system of the cutter comprises a transmission unit and an X-ray detection unit, wherein the transmission unit penetrates through the X-ray detection unit; and the X-ray detection unit comprises an X-ray detector. In the invention, the X-ray detector is arranged for detecting the cutter with an X-ray, so that the defects can be found in time, and the cutter with the defects is prevented from being continuously processed subsequently; and in addition, the finished product quality of the cutter can be improved, and the service life of the cutter is ensured.