The invention relates to a low-value and zero-value insulator detection method of an insulator detection robot. A three-dimensional model is established according to the position of an insulator string as well as structural dimensions and material parameters of the insulator strings and that of an insulator detection robot; on the basis of a finite element method, a distributed capacitance matrixis calculated in a static electric field; an integrated road module of insulator detection is erected based on distributed capacitance parameters and measuring loop parameters; low-value and zero-value insulators are simulated by changing different insulation resistance values and voltage distribution characteristics of the insulator string on different conditions are calculated; and measurement results are compared with the simulation results and whether low-value and zero-value insulators exist is determined and detected and the positions of the insulators are also detected. According to themethod provided by the invention, with consideration of the influences on insulator potential distribution by the measurement probe and the measurement loop of the insulator robot, the simulation andcalculation results become accurate; when the results are compared with the actual measurement result, the low-value and zero-value insulators are detected accurately.