The invention discloses a data backup and system recovery method for a computer monitoring system of a hydropower station. The method is characterized by comprising the following parts of a data memory, a management terminal, a terminal backup/recovery medium and policies for protocol conversion and data backup. The system not only can achieve backup of an upper computer development program of thecomputer monitoring system of the hydropower station and a host operating system, but can achieve the backup of a production running database (historical database) of the hydropower station, lower computer PLC programs and allocation information, internet equipment, safety equipment, communication equipment and other special equipment based on Ethernet or CONCLE interface allocation, and conductsunified management on the backup data of all equipment.