The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a sugarcane single-bud seed stem discharging device. The sugarcane single-bud seed stem discharging device comprises a rack, a seed box, a seed conveying mechanism and a seed discharging mechanism, wherein the seed conveying mechanism is used for conveying sugarcane seed stems; the seed discharging mechanism is used for discharging the sugarcane single-bud seed stems to planting ditches; one end of the seed conveying mechanism is arranged in the seed box; and the other end of the seed conveying mechanism is matched with the seed discharging mechanism in a non-contact manner. The sugarcane seed stems are conveyed to the seed discharging mechanism through a conveying belt; by an iron core coil structureand spring plates, vibration and twisting motion of a seed discharging plate are realized; by a step-shaped conical spiral conveying track in the seed discharging mechanism, single-section dischargingof the seed stems is realized; and by a controller and a current converter, the seed discharging mechanism meets requirements of a direct-current power supply of a tractor. The sugarcane single-bud seed stem discharging device is simple in structure, good in working stability, uniform in seed discharging and high in seed discharging efficiency.