The invention provides a preparation method and a preparation apparatus of a microcapsule phase transition material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: an external channel exit anda high voltage supply are connected; a reception unit which is located below the external channel exit is grounded, wherein the distance between reception unit and the external channel exit is predetermined, so that an electrostatic field is formed between the external channel exit and the reception unit; a phase transition material of liquid state is injected into an internal channel and is sprayed out from an inner channel exit, silica sol is injected into an external channel and is sprayed from an external channel exit, and the external channel and the internal channel are coaxial (verticalaxis) and the internal channel is positioned in the external channel; electronic injection liquid sprayed from the internal channel exit and an external channel exit falls into reception liquid of the reception unit; the reception liquid is heated, and the electronic injection liquid is gelatinized; filtering and drying are carried out in order to obtain the microcapsule phase transition material. The preparation apparatus comprises the internal channel, the external channel, the reception unit and the high voltage supply. The method and the apparatus can be used for preparing the microcapsule phase transition material with controllable size and coating rate.