The invention relates to a V-groove type large-column positioning device of a ring spinning frame. The V-groove type large-column positioning device comprises a central wall and large columns, V-grooves identical in structure are respectively arranged on two symmetric sides of the central wall in an up-and-down manner, central lines of two up-and-down V-grooves on each side are on the same line and are located in the vertical direction, central lines of the V-grooves on two sides are parallel, two ends of the large columns are fittingly connected with V-shaped positioning surfaces of the V-grooves, and two ends of the large columns are fixed in the positioning surfaces of the corresponding V-grooves. The V-groove type large-column positioning device has the advantages that types of parts are reduced, the machining process of the parts is shortened, the large columns are directly mounted on the machining surfaces of the V-grooves, accurate positioning with the central plate at relativepositions in horizontal and vertical directions is achieved, adjustment of the relative positions of the large columns and the central wall is not needed, high assembly accuracy is achieved, installation adjustment procedure is reduced, 30% of installation time is saved, and operation efficiency in assembly is improved.