The invention relates to a near-infrared detection method of Yunnan native chicken muscle freeze-dry powder fat content, belonging to the technical field of poultry body component detection. The method of the invention comprises the following specific steps: 1) preparing fresh Yunnan native chicken muscle or pectorale samples into freeze-dry powders to be put into a polyethylene ziplock bag havinga thickness of 6 silks; 2) scanning the near-infrared spectrum of the samples, wherein a near-infrared spectroscopy is equipped with a Fourier transform beam splitting system and a diffuse reflectionfibre-optic probe, the wave number range of spectrum scanning is 5377-6820cm<-1>, resolution ratio is 8cm<-1>, 6 silks of single layer ziplock bag is taken to be placed in front of the probe to remove background influence when spectrum background is scanned, each sample is scanned three times, an average value is used as spectrum data of the samples, each spectrum has 375 data, the spectrum dataare absorbance values; and 3) absorbance data of the samples are substituted into a model formula to be calculated, namely, crude fat content of the sample is obtained. The method has the advantages that forecasting speed is rapid, and samples are undamaged, and is suitable for detection of large-scale samples.