The invention discloses a synchronous phasor measurement and operation monitoring terminal and method for a power distribution overhead line, and the terminal comprises a monitoring module, a recording module and a power module. The recording module comprises a recording processor, an analog signal collector, a sampling current transformer and an electric field intensity sensor. The recording processor receives record data collected by the analog signal collector, and calculates a synchronous phasor and electric energy quality through the record data. The monitoring module obtains a circuit current signal, an electric field intensity signal, the synchronous phasor and electric energy quality from the recording module, and transmits the circuit current signal, the electric field intensity signal, the synchronous phasor and the electric energy quality to a main station server through a network line. The power module is used for supplying proper power to the recording module and the monitoring module. The terminal can record the transient waveform of a power distribution network during abnormal operation and an operation fault, can monitor the steady operation behavior of a power distribution network power system in real time, also can analyze harmonic pollution, and provide more complete and subtle transient behavior monitoring for the operation of the power distribution network.