The invention relates to a time-frequency domain deconvolution method on the basis of Gaussian smoothing. The time-frequency domain deconvolution method is characterized by comprising steps of 1), acquiring seismic data with a plurality of non-stationary seismic records; 2), acquiring improved generalized S transformation formulas; 3), selecting certain non-stationary seismic records in the seismic data and setting balance factors of the non-stationary seismic records; 4), carrying out improved generalized S transformation on the non-stationary seismic records to obtain balanced time-frequencyspectra of the non-stationary seismic records; 5), acquiring dynamic wavelet amplitude spectra of the non-stationary seismic records which are already subjected to Gaussian smoothing; 6), acquiring reflection coefficient time-frequency spectra of the non-stationary seismic records; 7), acquiring time-domain reflection coefficients of the non-stationary seismic records; 8), repeatedly carrying outthe steps 3)-7) until time-domain reflection coefficients of all the non-stationary seismic records in the seismic data are solved. The time-frequency domain deconvolution method has the advantage that the time-frequency domain deconvolution method can be widely used in the field of petroleum seismic exploration.