The invention discloses an intelligent power distribution network fault positioning and recovering method by combination with a formalization method. The intelligent power distribution network fault positioning and recovering method comprises the following steps of 1) performing region division treatment, dividing a power distribution network into an active main circuit and a passive branch circuit, and verifying the regional division reliability through the formalization method; 2) performing solution space dimensionality reduction, generating a communication ring matrix and reconfiguring power distribution network codes, removing invalid solutions, and verifying the dimensionality reduction reasonability through the formalization method; 3) performing fault information conversion, and converting the circuit fault information into switch fault current information according to a switch function; 4) performing optimizing through a heuristic algorithm, establishing an initial solution library, performing global quick optimizing according to a target function, and verifying the algorithm logic correctness through the formalization method; and 5) performing power distribution network fault stage recovery. By applying the formalization method into the power distribution network fault positioning and recovering method, the key characteristics and processes in the method can be subjected to formalization verification, so that the reasonability and effectiveness of the method can be ensured fundamentally.