The invention discloses a column stabilizing type multipurpose floating platform with single stand columns. The platform comprises an underwater equipment compartment, a ballast tank, an overwater deck, a deck chamber and the stand columns for connecting the underwater equipment compartment and the overwater deck. The platform combines the advantages of a traditional semi-submerged platform and anocean environment observation buoy that the floating platform is lower in construction cost and easier to maintain compared with the semi-submerged platform and is stronger in wind wave resistant capacity, longer in service life, simpler in structure and appearance, more complete in observable ocean elements, deeper in working water area range, higher in automatic control degree and more comprehensive in function compared with the buoy. The single stand columns are circumferentially and evenly distributed, and square stand columns adopted by the traditional large semi-submerged platform are replaced with the circular columns, so the water plane area is reduced, the effect of waves on a platform body is reduced, and the movement response is reduced. The floating platform can be used for carrying various types of equipment, and the multi-purpose property of the floating platform can be realized according to the difference of the carried equipment.