The invention discloses a specimen test tube box for medical detection. The specimen test tube box comprises a box body; a box cover is arranged on the box body; a handle device is arranged on one side of the box cover; buckle devices are arranged at the two ends of the box cover; positioning devices are arranged between the box cover and the box body; three rotary tables are arranged on the innerside wall of one side of the box body at equal intervals; an annular groove is formed in each rotary table; a cylindrical pin is connected into each annular groove in a sliding mode; and a telescopicplate is inserted into each rotary table. The specimen test tube box has the advantages that the structure is simple, the operation is easy, first mounting plates or second mounting plates are selected for use, and therefore the specimen test tube box can be suitable for long test tubes or short test tubes and can be used for storing the long test tubes as well as the short test tubes, the use isextensive, and the cost can be saved; and clamping devices are arranged on the inner sides of first through holes allowing the test tubes to penetrate through, and therefore the stability of the testtubes can be improved; and after the test tubes are placed in the box body and the box cover is closed, the specimen test tube box can be convenient to carry by utilizing the handle device.