Belonging to the field of paper base analysis and detection, the invention relates to transparent paper base detection and analysis equipment based on zinc oxide nanowires. The preparation method mainly includes: firstly, dissolving a certain amount of cotton linters in a precooled alkali urea solution to form a viscose solution, conducting coating curing to form a gel film, then performing dryingto obtain transparent paper, then synthesizing zinc oxide nanowires on the transparent paper by hydrothermal method to serve as a novel substrate for sensitive analysis and detection. The invention has the advantages that: (1) the preparation process is simple, the operation and aftertreatment are easy, the equipment material has no pollution to the environment, and belongs to degradable material; (2) the analysis equipment substrate has flexibility, and can be shorn and foldable; and (3) the substrate fully shows the advantages of zinc oxide, has good biocompatibility and can be used for fluorescence immunodetection. Zinc oxide can improve fluorescence intensity and detection sensitivity.