The invention discloses an optical vector analysis method based on chirping intensity modulation. The method comprises the following steps: using a chirping intensity modulation light double-sidebandsignal as detection light to irradiate a to-be-detected optical device, and converting an optical signal into an electric signal by photoelectric detection; changing the phase difference between the double-sideband signal and the optical carriers to obtain detection optical signals of different chirping intensity modulation states, then establishing an equation set by using the relationship between the amplitude information of the electric signals obtained by the detection optical signals of different chirping intensity modulation states and the detection optical signals, and solving to obtainamplitude response of the to-be-detected optical device. The invention further discloses an optical vector analysis apparatus based on chirping intensity modulation. By adoption of the optical vectoranalysis method and apparatus, complex and relatively narrowband single side band modulation or carrier frequency shift is avoided while realizing high precision measurement of the amplitude responseof the optical device, the measurement range is doubled, the measurement errors caused by vestigial sideband are eliminated, the filtering mechanism in the system is eliminated, and the cost and thecomplexity of the system are greatly reduced.