The invention discloses a system for performing service traffic control and differentiated services between satellite-borne equipment, relating to the field of satellite communication based on on-board processing. The system consists of a rate identification module, a token bucket module, a transmission processing module, a queue management module and a transmission scheduling module of satellite-borne equipment A, a rate analysis module, a receiving processing module and a data FIFO module of satellite-borne equipment B, and other parts, wherein the rate analysis module and the rate identification module analyze remote control instructions and set protocols to obtain rate information; the token bucket module is used to implement service traffic shaping and control functions; the queue management module and the transmission scheduling module implement multi-level priority queue management and output scheduling; the data FIFO module implements data cache management; and the transmissionprocessing module and the receiving processing module realize data transfer and output. The system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of supporting traffic control between the satellite-borne equipment, supporting the differentiated services, achieving strong scalability and less resource occupation, and the like, and is especially suitable for satellite communication systems based onon-board processing.