A safflower carthamus picking robot comprises a walking device, an image acquisition device, a picking device, a filament collecting device, a power device and a control device. The walking device ischaracterized by being a crawler-type advancing trolley. The image acquisition device is installed at the rear end of the walking device and comprises a camera support and a binocular vidicon on a support. The picking device is a six-freedom-degree picking mechanical arm installed at the middle position in the walking device and a stepping motor installed at each moving arm joint. The filament collecting device comprises a filament conveying hose, a filament collecting box, a filter screen, a fan and a fan cover, wherein the filament collecting box is connected with a tail end picking head inthe picking device through the filament conveying hose and is fixedly placed at the front end of the walking device through bolts. The power device and the control device are installed at the bottom of the advancing device. The safflower carthamus picking robot can achieve automatic safflower carthamus recognition, picking and collection without artificial participation in the whole process, laboris completely liberated, and power can be provided for great-leap-forward development of the safflower carthamus industry.