The invention discloses a heat-pipe-style temperature measuring device and method. The device comprises a heat transfer module, a temperature measuring module and a mechanical module. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preliminarily determining the relative position of a pipe wall and the device according to a pipe shape; (2) bending a base at an appropriate position with a heat pipe to well fit with the outer wall of the pipe, fixing the base and making an arrangement for the measurement; (3) ending the position fixation, quickly performing a heat transfer process with the heat pipe; and recording relatively stable readings every time when a sensor measures the temperature; and (4) after the measurement every time, changing the position of the device under the effect of a connecting rod and a tightening spring, measuring the temperature of multiple positions on the outer wall of the pipe in order to comprehensively reflect the fluid states inside the pipe. The temperaturemeasuring device is not required to be inserted into the pipe for measurement in case that it is impossible to dispose a hole on the pipe for measurement under a high-temperature high-pressure condition inside the pipe, and can accurately reflect the temperature of the pipe.