The invention relates to a vehicle-mounted storage tank cleaning and sludge recovery integrated treatment method. According to the method, a vehicle-mounted storage tank mechanical cleaning vehicle and a vehicle-mounted sludge treatment vehicle are needed, wherein the vehicle-mounted storage tank mechanical cleaning vehicle comprises a filter, a vacuum tank, a vacuum pump, a cleaning pump, a heatexchanger, a delivery pump, an air compressor, relative pipelines, pipe fittings, instruments and valves, and the like; the vehicle-mounted sludge treatment vehicle comprises a control chamber, a homogeneity tank, a coarse separator, a fine separator, a dosing device, related pipelines, pipe fittings, instruments and valves, and the like; an automatic control system is adopted. By means of the method, the system can make a storage tank be cleaned up and conduct treatment on sludge generated in the process of cleaning the storage tank; the treatment process has continuity; the vehicle-mounted devices are convenient and fast to use, the transportation expenses are saved; the working period is greatly shortened; the natural color of equipment in the storage tank can be seen; the devices are continuous and stable in operation and convenient to transport.