The invention provides a transformer winding material detection device and system. The device comprises a heating unit, a temperature sensor, an electric potential acquisition unit and a processor; the heating unit is used for heating a neutral-point copper bar in a transformer; the temperature sensor is used for acquiring temperature T1 and temperature T2 of two ends of a winding on the transformer as well as acquiring temperature T3 of a first measurement point and temperature T4 of a second measurement point on the neutral-point copper bar; the electric potential acquisition unit is used for acquiring an electric potential difference E1 of the two ends of the winding and an electric potential difference E2 between the first measurement point and the second measurement point; the processor is connected with the temperature sensor to receiving the T1, the T2, the T3 and the T4; the processor is connected with the electric potential acquisition unit to receive the E1 and the E2; the processor calculates seebeck coefficients of a pressure measuring clip and the neutral-point copper bar by the aid of the T3, the T4 and the E2, and a target electric potential difference of the two ends of the winding is acquired through correction of the seebeck coefficients; the processor is used for outputting judgment results of the winding material and detecting the material of the transformeraccurately.