The invention provides a method for a safflower picking robot to quickly recognize safflower filaments and mark two-dimensional center point coordinates. The method comprises the steps of extracting R, G, B factors according to color features of the filaments, and performing comparative analysis on the color features by applying a chromatic aberration method; carrying out filament contour extraction by using an Otsu segmentation method, and performing quasi-circular or regular image transformation on the contour by using corrosion and expansion in the mathematical morphology; and finally acquiring two-dimensional center point coordinates of the filaments by applying a pixel accumulation averaging principle. The beneficial effects are that the safflower filaments can be quickly and effectively recognized, extraction for the two-dimensional center point coordinates is performed, and a theoretical basis is provided for three-dimensional positioning and picking of the safflower picking robot.