The invention discloses a pressure relief valve response characteristic test method and system and belongs to the valve test field. The system comprises a liquid storage tank, a water suction pump, acheck valve, a monitoring device, a main pipeline, branch pipelines, pressure relief valves and pressure transmitters; the main pipeline and the branch pipelines are communicated with the liquid storage tank; the main pipeline is communicated with the branch pipelines; the water suction pump and the check valve are arranged on the main pipeline; the branch pipelines are provided with the pressurerelief valves and the pressure transmitters; and the pressure transmitters are electrically connected with the monitoring device. When the response characteristic of a target pressure relief valve istested, all the pressure relief valves except the target pressure relief valve are adopted to form water attack; a first time point corresponding to the preset pipeline pressure of the upstream of thetarget pressure relief valve and a second time point corresponding to maximum pipeline pressure are obtained; and the difference value of the second time point and the first time point is adopted asthe response duration of the target pressure relief valve. With the pressure relief valve response characteristic test method and system of the invention adopted, the problem of the complexity of thetesting process of the response characteristics of a plurality of pressure relief valves is solved, the testing process of the response characteristics of the plurality of pressure relief valves is simplified.