the invention discloses a penaeus vannamei breeding method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, injecting seawater into a disinfected pond, wherein the pond communicates with a water circulation device; before throwing young penaeus vannamei, performing inoculation by using 10-15 million/mL of chaetoceros and 10-15 million/mL of dunaliella salina, wherein the chaetoceros and the dunaliella salina are cultivated by using a nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials: ferric chloride hexahydrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, copper sulfate pentahydrate, sodium molybdate dihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, manganese chloride tetrahydrate, vitamin B1, vitamin H, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and sea salt; after the water quality is stable, throwing 450-550/m<2> of shrimp fry into the pond; feeding 50-500 grams of feed for every ten thousand of shrimps, wherein 15-20% of the shrimp feed is directly eaten by the shrimps, and the balance of the feed is decomposed by a water treatment device to serve as the nutrition of the chaetoceros and dunaliella salina; meanwhile, keeping the density of the chaetoceros and the dunaliella salina in the pond to be 10-15 million/mL; and performing harvesting in 40-70 days after the shrimp fry are thrown. The penaeus vannamei breeding method provided by the invention is high in breeding survival rate, large in prawn specification and large in yield.