The invention discloses an efficient denitrification and phosphorus removal aeration biological apparatus, wherein the upper portion and the lower portion of an aerobic pool are respectively providedwith an upper sieve plate and a lower sieve plate, the upper sieve plate, the lower sieve plate and the side wall of the aerobic pool form an aerobic cavity, a plurality of aerobic biological fillersare placed in the aerobic cavity, the aerobic biological filler comprises an aerobic carrier and an aerobic microorganism film covering the surface of the aerobic carrier in a hanging manner, the aerobic pool is vertically provided with an aeration cylinder embedded into the center positions of the lower sieve plate and the upper sieve plate, an aeration head is positioned at the bottom portion ofthe aeration cylinder, an oxygen pipe for transmitting oxygen gas is positioned in the aeration cylinder and is connected to the aeration head, the aerobic biological filler is positioned between theside wall of the aerobic pool and the aeration cylinder, and the carrier comprises, by weight, high-density polyethylene, slaked lime, Dow powder active carbon, light calcium carbonate, maleic anhydride, dicumyl peroxide, gelatin, chitin, ferroferric oxide magnetic powder and manganese-zinc ferrite. According to the present invention, with the efficient denitrification and phosphorus removal aeration biological apparatus, the original concentration balance limit can be broken through, and the contact time between the microorganism and the organic substance can be prolonged, such that the organic substance can be rapidly and thoroughly degraded, and the adsorption ability of the active carbon surface can be restored through the biological oxidation.