The invention provides a thick coal bed top coal caving mining apparatus and a method thereof. A radar scan probe is employed for obtaining a coal rock signal by using a scan signal with an ultra wideband, the coal rock signal is sent to a processing identification module for coupling treatment, a coupling treatment result is transmitted to an electro-hydraulic transmission and control module, adecision is determined according to the coal rock boundary information received by the electro-hydraulic transmission and control module, a control instruction is emitted according to the processed result, coal caving hydraulic support equipment is controlled, and automatic top coal caving is realized. The above scheme can satisfy the automatic production requirement for coal rock boundary dividing and coal gangue identification, and is suitable for fully-mechanized caving and mining works of a thick coal bed.