The invention discloses an optical fiber management box and a method. The optical fiber management box comprises a controller, an alarm and a shell, and is characterized in that the shell is rectangular, one shell plate of the shell is provided with a display screen, a temperature sensor and a ventilating fan, another five shell plates of the shell respectively comprise an inner shell plate and anouter shell plate, each inner shell plate and each outer shell plate are provided with optical fibers extending in a wave-shaped manner, and the optical fibers on the corresponding inner shell platesand outer shell plates are perpendicular to each other in trend, and the optical fiber management box further comprises 10 light-emitting couplers which are electrically connected with light input ends of the optical fibers and 10 photosensitive sensors which are electrically connected with light output ends of the optical fibers; and the controller is electrically connected with the temperaturesensor, the alarm, the ventilating fan, the light-emitting couplers and the photosensitive sensors. The optical fiber management box has the characteristics that the deformation and breakage of the shell can be timely detected and the alarm information can be timely sent out.