The invention relates to an oil pipeline cleaning device, and belongs to the technical field of oil pipeline dredging equipment. The oil pipeline cleaning device consists of a stator body, a cleaningand brushing device, a front rubber cup, a rear rubber cup, a rotor body, a mandrel and a plurality of turbines; the rotor body is movably arranged in the stator body; one end of the rotor body extends to the outer side of the stator body; the cleaning and brushing device is arranged on the part, extending to the outer side of the stator body, of the rotor body; the turbines are arranged in the part, located in the stator body, of the rotor body through the mandrel; the turbines are fixedly connected with the rotor body; and the front rubber cup and the rear rubber cup are fixedly arranged atthe two ends of the outer side of the stator body correspondingly. The oil pipeline cleaning device is simple in structure and ingenious in design, energy is provided depending on crude oil conveyed in a pipeline without additional motive power, and cleaning on the pipeline is completed by scarping and extrusion drilling; and the oil pipeline cleaning device is especially suitable for oil pipelinecleaning and meets the use requirements of people.