The invention provides a sleeve expansion and contraction decreasing and compensating device which comprises a hollow outer cylinder body, a sleeve female buckle short section and a sleeve male buckleshort section. The outer cylinder body is internally provided with elastic pieces, and the sleeve female buckle short section is fixedly connected to the first end of the outer cylinder body. The first end of the sleeve male buckle short section is matched with the second end of the outer cylinder body, and the sleeve male buckle short section can enter the outer cylinder body under the pressurestress effect to enable the elastic pieces to be compressed. According to the sleeve expansion and contraction decreasing and compensating device, the sleeve male buckle short section can be extendedtowards the interior of the outer cylinder body so as to decrease the length, increased through heat expansion, of a sleeve, the pressure on the upper sleeve is reduced, and the upper sleeve is prevented from being damaged; and when steam is not injected, the temperature is decreased, the extended sleeve is contracted, and the contracted length is compensated through the elastic bodies located inthe outer cylinder body.