Embodiments of the invention relate to the technical field of communication and disclose a palm biological information based screen unlocking method and a mobile device. The method comprises: detecting input screen unlocking palm biological information, wherein the screen unlocking palm biological information includes screen unlocking finger vein feature information and/or a screen unlocking palm print; and comparing whether the screen unlocking palm biological information is matched with preset screen unlocking palm biological information, if the screen unlocking palm biological information is matched with the preset screen unlocking palm biological information, detecting whether the same action event happens to both the mobile device and a wearable device bound with the mobile device within a preset time, and if the same action event happens to both the mobile device and the wearable device within the preset time, performing screen unlocking on the mobile device. By implementing the embodiments of the invention, the security of screen unlocking can be improved.