The invention provides a preparation method of a Ca<2+>/SiO2 ion exchange type pigment. The preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving a calcium source into an alcohol solvent I, dissolvinga silicon source into an alcohol solvent II, preparing gel by virtue of a sol-gel method, drying, grinding and sieving the gel, selecting dry gel particles with the particle sizes of 0.1-30 microns asa precursor, and maintaining the precursor at 200-1000 DEG C for 0.5-8 hours until the precursor is crystallized, so as to obtain the pigment. The preparation method is simple in process and operation and low in production cost, the prepared Ca<2+>/SiO2 ion exchange type pigment has good solubleness and is applied to the fields of coatings, papermaking, oil ink, plastic, rubber and the like, andthe performance of corresponding materials can be improved; and furthermore, the pigment is low in content of impurity heavy metal, so that the potential safety hazards of a user can be reduced, the environmental friendliness can be improved, and the pigment has good application prospects.