The invention discloses a system for processing a pole-covering material of aluminum electrolysis. The system comprises a first iron removal unit, a first crushing unit, a second iron removal unit, asecond crushing unit, a third iron removal unit, a sieving unit, a third crushing unit and a fourth iron removal unit, wherein the first iron removal unit is provided with a pole-covering material inlet and a first iron removed material outlet; the first crushing unit is provided with a first iron removed material inlet and a first crushed material outlet; the second iron removal unit is providedwith a first crushed material inlet and a second iron removed material outlet; the second crushing unit is provided with a second iron removed material inlet and a second crushed material outlet; thethird iron removal unit is provided with a second crushed material inlet and a third iron removed material outlet; the sieving unit is provided with a third iron removed material inlet, a powder material outlet and a block material outlet; the third crushing unit is provided with a block material inlet and a third crushed material outlet; and the fourth iron removal unit is provided with a third crushed material inlet and a fourth iron removed material outlet. By using the system to process the pole-covering material of aluminum electrolysis, the iron removal effect of the pole-covering material can be significantly improved, meanwhile, material balance of the reused pole-covering material is further improved, and cost backlog is reduced accordingly.