The invention discloses a distribution device inspection plan generation method and device based on distribution network big data. The method comprises the steps that the distribution device operationstatus data, the operation environment data and the load characteristic are collected and stored in a device database; parameter quantization is carried out on data in the device database, and quantized parameter data are stored in a quantification database; multiple parameter data are extracted from the quantification database as training samples; a neural network is trained; the comprehensive demand value of each distribution device is predicted through the neural network, and the comprehensive demand values are arranged; the main influence factor of the comprehensive demand value of each distribution device is analyzed; and a distribution device inspection plan list is generated. According to the invention, inspection of different frequencies and collection of different types of parameters are carried out on different devices, which improves the inspection accuracy of the devices; the problem that the plan of operation and maintenance inspection of the devices is formulated according to a substation list is fundamentally solved; and the operation and maintenance management efficiency of the devices is effectively improved.