The invention relates to a method and device for cancelling inter-symbol interference in a wireless communication system. Disclosed is a 5G or pre-5G communication system to be provided for supportinga data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G communication system such as LTE. The present invention provides a method and a device for cancelling inter-symbol interference in a wireless communication system. A method for a base station in a wireless communication system can comprise the steps of: transmitting multiple synchronous signals through multiple antennas to a terminal; receiving information on a propagation delay difference among the multiple synchronous signals from the terminal; and determining signal transmission timing for each of the multiple antennas on the basis of the information on the propagation delay difference.