The invention relates to a separation recycling device and method for oil contaminants on the water surface. The separation recycling device comprises a box body, a movable partition plate, rails anda control device; the bottom of the box body is open; the three rails are mounted on the three inner side faces of the lower half portion of the box body correspondingly and comprise the two parallelrails and one perpendicular rail; the three rails are connected to form a [ shape; the two parallel rails extend out of the box body; grooves are machined in the inner sides of the three rails correspondingly; the movable partition plate making reciprocating motion along the two parallel rails is arranged among the grooves in a slide fit mode; the movable partition plate and the three rails form an airtight box bottom; an opening allowing the movable partition plate to pass is reserved on the side face, opposite to the perpendicular rail, of the box body; the control device controls the movable partition plate connected with the control device to make the reciprocating motion along the rails; and a small hole is formed in the corner of a top cover of the box body. A water body is separatedfrom an oil water mixture by controlling moving of the movable partition plate, and accordingly preliminary separation of an oil film from the water body is achieved.