The invention relates to an advanced sewage treatment device which comprises a filter, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe and further comprises an ultrasonic cleaning mechanism, wherein multiple baffle plates are arranged in the filter and arranged up and down in a staggered manner in sequence, and the filter is partitioned into a plurality of cells communicated with each other in series;each of the multiple cells is filled with an adsorbent; the water inlet pipe is communicated with the cells on one side of the filter; the water outlet pipe is communicated with the cells on the otherside of the filter; the ultrasonic cleaning mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers connected in parallel onto the ultrasonic generator; the quantity ofthe ultrasonic transducers is the same as that of the cells; and the plurality of ultrasonic transducers are arranged at the bottoms of the cells, respectively. According to the device disclosed by the invention, the advanced sewage treatment effect is excellent, and targeted pollutants such as TN, TOP, COD and color scale can be adsorbed and removed; and by virtue of an in-situ ultrasonic regeneration technology, the cost of waste transport is saved, and the advanced sewage treatment device is low in energy consumption, high in regeneration speed and high in regeneration rate.