The invention discloses an SSR molecular marker primer capable of rapidly identifying robinia pseudoacacia polyploids, wherein the primer base sequence is as shown in SEQ ID NO.1 and SEQ ID NO.2. According to the invention, robinia pseudoacacia polyploids can be rapidly identified from the molecular level without being affected by season, plant development stage and growing environment, so that reference and basis are provided for researches of rapid identification of robinia pseudoacacia polyploids, new variety protection, genetic diversity analysis evaluation and genetic breeding. By adopting the primer taken as an example in the invention, the detection rate of polyploids in 343 robinia pseudoacacia clones is up to 85.42%, thus sufficiently indicating high efficiency and applicability of the SSR primer, and verifying that multiple robinia pseudoacacia polyploids generating natural variation really exist in the natural world.