An embodiment of the invention provides a temperature time-space distribution matrix based leakage monitoring method and device. According to the invention, the invention includes acquiring actual temperature change value of the periphery of a to-be-measured object according to a preset time interval so as to generate a practical measurement time-space distribution matrix used for indicating temperature change conditions; solving the difference between the practical measurement time-space distribution matrix and a theoretical time-space distribution matrix as a reference time-space distribution matrix; judging whether matrix elements in the reference time-space distribution matrix meet preset values or not, if the matrix elements do not meet the preset values, determining that liquid leakage occurs in the periphery of the to-be-measured object. In practical project application, the method realizes effective monitoring on project leakage conditions according to temperature change. Besides, the method is simple and is convenient to implement.