The invention belongs to the technical field of power system patrol and particularly relates to an augmented reality-based power transmission line patrol method. The method comprises the steps of wearing augmented reality intelligent glasses to perform patrol on a power transmission line; collecting environment information of the power transmission line by a camera unit of the augmented reality intelligent glasses, and transmitting the collected environment information to a main control unit through the camera unit; processing the received environment information by the main control unit, generating patrol data, and sending the patrol data to a display unit and a storage unit for performing display and storage; calling the patrol data from the storage unit to perform calculation for determining patrol results of different grades by a calculation unit, and sending the patrol results of the different grades to the main control unit by the calculation unit; and according to the patrol results of the different grades, sending instructions to an alarming unit by the main control unit to control whether the alarming unit is started or not. The purpose of providing effective decision support for fault prediction of the power line can be achieved.