The embodiment of the invention discloses a gathering pipeline failure rate evaluation method and device. The method includes the steps of obtaining the historical failure rate of each failure mode ofeach type of pipeline; obtaining the pipeline type included in a target assessment pipeline; and obtaining the failure rate of each failure mode of the target assessment pipeline and the total failure rate of the target assessment pipeline according to the pipeline type in the target assessment pipeline and the historical failure rate of each failure mode of each type of pipeline. According to the gathering pipeline failure rate evaluation method and device, a failure rate assessment model is established based on historical failure data of a gathering system, so as to assess the target assessment pipeline according to the type of the target assessment pipeline. Compared with the prior art, the gathering pipeline failure rate evaluation method and device have the advantages of high assessment accuracy and high applicability.