The invention discloses a buried box type substation. A placement cavity is arranged below the ground. A supporting frame is arranged at the bottom in the placement cavity. A transformer box is arranged at an upper end of the supporting frame. A cover plate is arranged at a top end of the placement cavity. Cooling fins are arranged on an outer wall of the transformer box. A water storage tank is arranged under the placement cavity, and an air collecting chamber is arranged at an upper end of the water storage tank. Fans are arranged in the air collecting chamber, and an air suction pipe is connected outside the air collecting device. An end part of the air suction pipe is above the ground. A top end of the placement cavity is provided with an air discharge pipe whose end part is arranged above the ground. Multiple vent pipes are arranged between the air collecting chamber and the placement cavity. A plurality of water distribution pipes are arranged side by side at the bottom in the placement cavity. A circulation pipe is arranged between the water distribution pipes and the water storage tank. The circulation pipe is provided with a cooling circulation pump. The buried box type substation has the advantages of a simple structure, convenience in use, a good cooling effect and high heat dissipation efficiency of the transformer box, and the service life of the substation is prolonged.