The invention relates to a flotation process for comprehensively recovering gold and sulfur from copper tailings. According to the floatation process, cave acid waste water, a capture agent and an alcohol foaming agent are added to the tailings from copper processing, recovery of objective minerals, copper and associated gold and silver is intensified, regrinding is conducted after ammonium sulfate is added, the objective minerals are cleaned and dissociated, sulfur concentrates are obtained through two-time concentration and serial return of middling products, the sulfur concentrates are subjected to size mixing through sulfuric acid and then subjected to flotation, and super-pure sulfur concentrates (sulfuric acid residues can be directly used as raw materials for iron-making) and gold-copper containing common sulfur concentrates (the sulfuric acid residues can comprehensively recover gold-copper). The flotation process has the advantages that the concentration effect is good, recovery of subsequent operation is facilitated, the sulfur concentrates are high in grade and good in purity, and the resource additive value of the sulfur concentrates can be improved, and the flotation process is suitable for being applied to copper mineral dressing plants for obtaining the super-pure sulfur concentrates with sulfur-copper tailings as raw materials and comprehensively recovering associated gold elements.