The present invention belongs to the high voltage technology and high voltage electric appliance technology field, in particular relates to a high-voltage SF6 circuit breaker back-arc medium recoverycharacteristic detection device and method. The device comprises a DC voltage-multiplying loop, a dynamic breakdown loop, a control protection system, a test measurement system, a tested circuit breaker (CB) and a high-capacity test system power supply. The DC voltage-multiplying loop, the dynamic breakdown loop, the tested CB and the high-capacity test system power supply are connected orderly, the test measurement system is connected with the dynamic breakdown loop and the tested CB separately, and the control protection system is connected with the dynamic breakdown loop, the tested CB andthe high-capacity test system power supply separately. According to the present invention, the calculation errors brought by the medium recovery characteristic curves obtained by the conventional circuit breaker simulation and calculation are avoided, and a test method has the universality, enables the accuracy of the medium recovery characteristic measurement to be increased and the test measurement efficiency and precision to be improved, guarantees the reliability of the test results, and is wide in application range and substantial in economic benefit prospect.