The invention discloses an automatic sorting method for lithium batteries, a storage medium and a battery sorting device. The method comprises the steps that formation and grading treatment is conducted on lithium battery cells in advance, current or voltage measurement data of charging and discharging in the formation and grading processes are obtained through a battery sorting device, and pretreatment is conducted on the obtained measurement data; the pre-treated measurement data are drawn into a measurement curve, the measurement curve is matched with a pre-stored charging and discharging standard curve, and the linear normalization distance, the square distance and the first-order derivative distance are calculated; and the weighing distance and the weighed sum distance of each distance are calculated, contrast matching is conducted on each weighed sum distance and the threshold value range of each preset level, the matching result is output to a preset automatic grading machine, and sorting of the lithium batteries is completed. The automatic sorting method for the lithium batteries is simple in calculating method, the lithium batteries can be sorted precisely, the consistencyof the battery parameters is guaranteed, and the service life of a power battery pack is prolonged.