The invention provides a recyclable oily sewage treatment device and relates to the field of sewage treatment. The recyclable oily sewage treatment device comprises a housing, an inlet and outlet pipe, a separating device and a circulation circuit. The housing comprises a cylindrical outer cylinder, an upper head and a lower head. The inlet and outlet pipe comprises an oil-containing sewage inletpipe, a first-stage overflow pipes, a second-stage overflow pipe and an outlet pipe. The separating device includes a cylindrical inner cylinder and a spirally-upward-inclined swirling flow guide plate disposed between the cylindrical outer cylinder and the cylinder inner cylinder, wherein the cylindrical inner cylinder is coaxial with the cylindrical outer cylinder, and the swirling flow guide plate is fixed on the upper part of the inner wall of the cylindrical outer cylinder. The circulation circuit is provided with a circulation pump for circulating part of treated sewage into the cylindrical outer cylinder. Organic combination of two oil-water separation unit technologies of swirling flow and air-floatation can be successfully realized by means of circulating injecting of part of theoily sewage into the treatment device, tiny oil droplets can be separated, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the structure of the device is compact and simple.